Friday, November 8, 2013

Butterflies and the Avanti/Madison Garden

by P. M.

Washington State boasts a wide variety of butterflies and moths. These two insects belong to the order Lepidoptera, of which moths are the majority. Due to climate change and the destruction of natural habitats taking place, many species are endangered, or worse, gone for good. Lepidopterists around the word even noted species have begun to migrate to places drastically outside of their normal habitat.  In the Pacific Northwest, more than 99% of the prairie land has been lost due to settlement. One of the butterflies’ singular to Washington and Oregon, the Taylor Checkerspot (Euphydryas editha taylori), is dangerously close to becoming extinct, but unfortunately, the state offers no protection.
          
Butterflies are an important part of any ecosystem. Like bees, they primarily feed on flower nectar, but contrary to popular belief, it doesn’t stop there. They have also been known to eat plant sap, animal scat and urine, decomposing fruit, and even carrion. But, as nectar is their dominant source of nutrients, it creates the biggest impact on the environment. Butterflies unknowingly spread spores from each plant to another, thus helping pollinate plants, increase gene flow, and drive evolution.

Unfortunately, they aren’t always helpful. The Cabbage butterfly, or Pieris rapae, is one of the most common species of Lepidoptera in the world, and odds are, if you see a little white butterfly, that’s probably it. In Washington, it’s considered an invasive species. It is gregarious in its larvae stage, and is known to cause damage to plants in the mustard family, and, as the name implies, cabbage crop.

The Avanti/Madison garden helps provide more habitat for insects (some of them, alas, do more damage than good) which benefits itself, and hopefully, makes up for some of the territory that has been lost to contemporary developments. Even if it is only a tiny increment in comparison to the larger picture of the destruction of the natural biosphere, every garden helps.



Taylor’s Checkerspot
Dennis Aubrey, 2011

Interesting Facts about Lepidoptera:

·       There are over one million species.
·       Lepidoptera are cold blooded and need sunlight to warm the muscles which enable them to fly.  Some species can shiver to raise their body temperatures.
·       The scientific name ‘Lepidoptera’ means ‘scaly wing’ because butterflies and moths have rows of microscopic scales to cover the clear membrane of the wing. Some of the scales are ‘truly’ pigmented, while others create colour by refracting light.
·       The average lifespan of butterfly fauna is one to two weeks, but monarchs and some other species can live up to ten months.
·       Vladimir Nabokov, author of Lolita, was a collector and distinguished lepidopterist.



Source Cited
Butterflies of Cascadia, by Robert Pyle




No comments:

Post a Comment